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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used to be able to make sure that the operator does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the maximum reach of a tower crane is seventy meters or 230 feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first have to be brought to the construction site by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery part of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be a few of the other industrial equipment which is used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional twenty feet or 6.1m. Then, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like wind should be considered. The term loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. To be able to make certain that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the load has to be distributed throughout the container.
To be able to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed cargo is beneficial to prevent lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting. An even load helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity varies, with the distribution of load in the container. It is very essential that the designers of containers and handling machinery consider in the engineering process. Like for instance, when sixty percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
To be able to make certain that the machine utilized is perfect for the load, care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention mus be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care must be taken when raising these.
