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A torque converter is a fluid coupling that is used in order to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is same as a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanized clutch. This allows the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque when there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most popular type of torque converter used in automobile transmissions is the fluid coupling kind. During the 1920s there was also the Constantinesco or pendulum-based torque converter. There are other mechanical designs for always changeable transmissions which can multiply torque. Like for instance, the Variomatic is one type that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling could not multiply torque. Torque converters have an element called a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
Inside a torque converter, there are a minimum of three rotating parts: the turbine, to be able to drive the load, the impeller which is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it can change oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Traditionally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under any condition and this is where the term stator begins from. In truth, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still allowing forward rotation.
Alterations to the basic three element design have been incorporated sometimes. These modifications have proven worthy specially in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is required. Most commonly, these alterations have taken the form of multiple turbines and stators. Each set has been intended to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. Some examples comprise the Dynaflow that utilizes a five element converter in order to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Although it is not strictly a part of classic torque converter design, various automotive converters comprise a lock-up clutch to reduce heat and to be able to improve cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical which eliminates losses associated with fluid drive.
